Why is it important?

Navigating Greenland’s coastal waters is increasingly challenging as climate change reduces sea ice cover and expands maritime activity into remote and poorly charted areas. Large sections of the Greenlandic coastline remain insufficiently surveyed, particularly in shallow near shore zones where the risk of vessel grounding is highest. In addition, tidal measurements are sparse, making it difficult to anticipate local tidal conditions in fjords and unmonitored areas. Recent grounding incidents involving supply vessels and cruise ships illustrate how gaps in bathymetric and tidal information can directly compromise safety at sea and emergency preparedness. EO4Hazards addresses these risks by providing scalable, satellite derived coastal hazard intelligence that complements traditional surveys and supports safer navigation, planning, and response in Arctic waters.

Project highlights:

Analysing and documenting the information needs and operational constraints of maritime authorities and vessel operators in Greenland, with a focus on navigation safety in shallow, poorly charted coastal waters

Assessing and developing Earth observation methods to detect submerged navigational hazards, estimate shallow‑water bathymetry, and reconstruct spatially varying tidal conditions using satellite data and machine learning.

Demonstrating how EO‑derived coastal hazard intelligence can support safer maritime operations, improved situational awareness, and better preparedness for navigation and emergency response in Arctic waters.

In more detail..

EO4Hazards builds on the DHI led NANOK project by extending satellite based coastal mapping towards a more comprehensive coastal hazard intelligence framework.

The project integrates multiple Earth observation data sources, including Sentinel 2 optical imagery, ICESat 2 altimetry, and sea surface height measurements from the SWOT mission, combined with machine learning models tailored to Arctic coastal environments.

A central innovation of EO4Hazards is the reconstruction of spatially varying tidal conditions using SWOT data, closing a long standing information gap in narrow fjords and near shore waters where conventional satellite altimetry and tide gauges are unavailable. These tidal estimates are used to correct and contextualise shallow water bathymetry products, enabling more robust identification of hazardous zones relevant for navigation.

The project focuses on selected areas along Greenland’s west coast, including fjords and coastal approaches where traditional hydrographic surveys are sparse or non existent. All workflows are designed for scalability, enabling rapid large area mapping that would be impractical using vessel based surveys alone.

EO4Hazards places strong emphasis on operational relevance. The generated products are tested and evaluated in collaboration with maritime authorities and operators, ensuring that outputs are fit for real world use and can be delivered in formats compatible with existing navigation and planning systems.

The National Defence Technology Centre:

This project is financed by The National Defence Technology Centre (NFC). NFC supports defence technology research and testing in Denmark at the highest international level.

It is led by DHI in collaboration with DTU Space and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources.

Related items

Earth Observation Centre of Excellence part of the DHI GROUP

info@dhigroup.com
+45 4516 9200

Agern Alle 5,
2970 Hørsholm,
Denmark

CVR: 36466871